Database intro

Birds have exceptionally sharp vision, facilitated by the retina, a specialised neural tissue in the eye involved in photoreception and -transduction. In addition, the bird is unique in its lack of internal blood vessels, a key characteristic of neural tissues in other endothermic animals. Thus, the bird retina represents a key tissue for understanding mechanisms associated with visual function and metabolic physiology.


The bird retina is housed within the bird eye, confined within the scleral connective tissue and the choroid behind the retina, and the vitreous and cornea on the light-facing side of the retina. Within the vitreous, a vascular structure called the pecten oculi is involved in supplying nutrients to the retina.


The ZeFiRST database allows researchers to explore gene expression of the zebra finch retina in individual cell types (single cell transcriptomics) and spatial gene expression in the entire eye (spatial transcriptomics).







Please cite the database as:

Citation will be updated.




Type gene symbol for gene of interest for spatial plot





Spatial gene expression: Spatial plot

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Spot information vs gene expression on reduced dimensions

in this section, users can visualise both Spot information and gene expression side-by-side on low-dimensional representions.


Dimension Reduction




Spot information

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Spot numbers / statistics

Gene expression

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Coexpression of two genes on reduced dimensions

in this section, users can visualise the coexpression of two genes on low-dimensional representions.

Dimension Reduction

Gene Expression

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Spot information / gene expression violin plot / box plot

in this section, users can visualise the gene expression or continuous Spot information (e.g. Number of UMIs / module score) across groups of Spots (e.g. libary / clusters).



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Gene expression bubbleplot / heatmap

in this section, users can visualise the gene expression patterns of multiple genes grouped by categorical Spot information (e.g. library / cluster).
The normalised expression are averaged, log-transformed and then plotted.




Download PDF Download PNG

Cell information vs gene expression on reduced dimensions

In this tab, users can visualise both cell information and gene expression side-by-side on low-dimensional representions.

Dimension Reduction

Cell information

Download PDF Download PNG

Cell numbers / statistics

Gene expression

Download PDF Download PNG


Coexpression of two genes on reduced dimensions

In this tab, users can visualise the coexpression of two genes on low-dimensional representions.

Dimension Reduction

Gene Expression

Download PDF Download PNG

Cell information / gene expression violin plot / box plot

In this tab, users can visualise the gene expression or continuous cell information (e.g. Number of UMIs / module score) across groups of cells (e.g. libary / clusters).



Download PDF Download PNG


Proportion / cell numbers across different cell information

In this tab, users can visualise the composition of single cells based on one discrete cell information across another discrete cell information. Usage examples include the library or cellcycle composition across clusters.



Download PDF Download PNG


Gene expression bubbleplot / heatmap

In this tab, users can visualise the gene expression patterns of multiple genes grouped by categorical cell information (e.g. library / cluster).
The normalised expression are averaged, log-transformed and then plotted.




Download PDF Download PNG

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Corresponding authors:

Christian Damsgaard: cd@bio.au.dk

Lin Lin: lin.lin@biomed.au.dk

Copyright 2022 Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA); Aarhus University



Created by DREAMlab, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University

Get in touch with us: lin.lin@biomed.au.dk

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